1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt


00:01:18 1 Background
00:03:54 2 Preparation
00:07:16 3 The coup chronology
00:09:08 3.1 19 August
00:11:31 3.2 20 August
00:13:31 3.3 21 August
00:15:57 3.4 22 August
00:16:28 4 Aftermath
00:17:39 4.1 End of the CPSU
00:18:32 4.2 Dissolution of the Soviet Union
00:26:21 4.3 Beginning of radical economic reforms in Russia
00:27:50 4.4 Trial of the members of the GKChP
00:28:44 4.5 Commemoration of the civilians killed
00:29:13 4.6 Parliamentary commission
00:29:36 5 International reactions
00:29:46 5.1 span 
00:31:48 5.2 span 
00:34:09 5.3 Other sovereign states
00:44:09 5.4 Supranational bodies and organizations
00:45:20 6 Further fate of GKChP members
00:47:12 7 See also
00:47:35 8 Notes and references
00:47:45 8.1 Bibliography
00:47:53 9 External links



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SUMMARY
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The 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, also known as the August Coup (Russian: Августовский путч, tr. Avgustovskiy Putch "August Putsch"), was an attempt made by members of the government of the USSR to take control of the country from Soviet President and General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev. The coup leaders were hard-line members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) who were opposed to Gorbachev's reform program and the new union treaty that he had negotiated which decentralized much of the central government's power to the republics. They were opposed, mainly in Moscow, by a short but effective campaign of civil resistance led by Russian president Boris Yeltsin, who had been both an ally and critic of Gorbachev. Although the coup collapsed in only two days and Gorbachev returned to power, the event destabilized the USSR and is widely considered to have contributed to both the demise of the CPSU and the dissolution of the USSR.
After the capitulation of the State Committee on the State of Emergency (GKChP), popularly referred to as the "Gang of Eight", both the Supreme Court of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev described their actions as a coup attempt.