Wind energy | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power


00:02:51 1 History
00:06:09 2 Wind energy
00:12:02 3 Wind farms
00:13:27 3.1 Generator characteristics and stability
00:15:17 3.2 Offshore wind power
00:17:11 3.3 Collection and transmission network
00:20:06 4 Wind power capacity and production
00:22:02 4.1 Growth trends
00:24:14 4.2 Capacity factor
00:25:18 4.3 Penetration
00:26:41 4.4 Variability
00:26:50 4.5 Predictability
00:29:53 4.6 Energy storage
00:36:45 4.7 Capacity credit, fuel savings and energy payback
00:38:08 5 Economics
00:41:41 5.1 Electric power cost and trends
00:42:41 5.2 Incentives and community benefits
00:43:31 6 Small-scale wind power
00:52:33 7 Environmental effects
00:56:11 8 Politics
00:59:34 8.1 Central government
01:03:01 8.2 Public opinion
01:03:10 8.3 Community
01:06:51 8.4 Geopolitics
01:11:55 9 Turbine design
01:14:49 10 See also
01:15:27 11 Notes
01:18:31 12 References



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SUMMARY
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Wind power or wind energy is the use of air flow through wind turbines to provide the mechanical power to turn electric generators and traditionally to do other work, like milling or pumping. Wind power is a sustainable and renewable alternative to burning fossil fuels, and has a much smaller impact on the environment.
Wind farms consist of many individual wind turbines, which are connected to the electric power transmission network. Onshore wind is an inexpensive source of electric power, competitive with or in many places cheaper than coal or gas plants. Onshore wind farms also have an impact on the landscape, as typically they need to be spread over more land than other power stations and need to be built in wild and rural areas, which can lead to "industrialization of the countryside" and habitat loss. Offshore wind is steadier and stronger than on land and offshore farms have less visual impact, but construction and maintenance costs are considerably higher. Small onshore wind farms can feed some energy into the grid or provide electric power to isolated off-grid locations.Wind is an intermittent energy source, which cannot make electricity nor be dispatched on demand. It also gives variable power, which is consistent from year to year but varies greatly over shorter time scales.
Therefore, it must be used together with other electric power sources or batteries to give a reliable supply.
As the proportion of wind power in a region increases, more conventional power sources are needed to back it up (such as fossil fuel power and nuclear power), and the grid may need to be upgraded.
Power-management techniques such as having dispatchable power sources, enough hydroelectric power, excess capacity, geographically distributed turbines, exporting and importing power to neighboring areas, energy storage, or reducing demand when wind production is low, can in many cases overcome these problems.Weather forecasting permits the electric-power network to be readied for the predictable variations in production that occur.In 2018, global wind power capacity grew 9.6% to 591 GW. In 2017, yearly wind energy production grew 17%, reaching 4.4% of worldwide electric power usage, and providing 11.6% of the electricity in the European Union.Denmark is the country with the highest penetration of wind power, with 43.4% of its consumed electricity from wind in 2017.
At least 83 other countries are using wind power to supply their electric power grids.